A major indepdenent testing laboratory performed concrete waterproofing tests on Xypex in accordance with Army Corps Permeability Specification CRD-C48-73. The results showed that a two coat application of Xypex on 50mm thick 13.8 MPa porous concrete totally eliminates leakage at pressures of at least 123.4 m of head pressure (1.2 MPa), the limit of the testing apparatus.

Xypex Admix treated concrete samples, when tested under the same testing regime as for Xypex Coatings, was tested to 1.05 MPa (106 m head of water) and exhibited no measurable leakage.

The Xypex Chemical reactions that initially take place at the concrete surface or immediately adjacent area, will continue deep into the concrete structure. Xypex Admixture (C-1000NF/C-2000NF) is homogeneous within the concrete matrix and consequently the chemical reactions occur throughout the concrete ensuring complete waterproofing of the concrete.

Independent testing measured the depth of Xypex crystalline penetration into a cast-in-place concrete block at 30 cm. The test concrete samples was coated on the top surface with Xypex Concentrate and left outside the research laboratory in ambient conditions for 12 months.

A Xypex application, unlike most other systems, is permanent. It's unique dendritic crystalline growth will not deteriorate under normal conditions.

Based on independent testing according to ASTM C267-77 “Chemical Resistance of Mortars”, Xypex is not affected by a wide range of aggressive chemicals including mild acids, solvents, chlorides and caustic materials. Because Xypex is pH specific (not chemical specific) it will protect concrete from any chemical whose pH range is 3.0 to 11.0 constant contact, or 2.0 to 12.0 periodic contact.

When applied according to specifications, Xypex performs at 100% efficiency within –32oC to +130oC constant temperatures or within -185oC to +1530oC periodic temperatures. Humidity, ultraviolet and the oxygen level (oxidation) have no effect on a Xypex treatment.

Yes. By preventing the intrusion of chemicals, salt water, sewage and other harmful materials, Xypex protects concrete and reinforcing steel from deterioration and oxidation.

Yes. By blocking the intrusion of water into concrete, Xypex helps protect the concrete from the damaging effect of repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

No. Xypex contains no volatile organic carriers (VOC) and can be applied safely in enclosed surroundings. Xypex is approved by numerous country and state health and waterworks departments for use on structures which contain potable water or foodstuffs. A few of these agencies are listed below:

• Australian Water Quality Centre, Australian Standard AS/NZS 4020
• NSF International
• Swiss Federal Department of Health
• Japan Food Research Laboratories
• United Kingdom (DWI) Drinking Water Inspectorate
• Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research
• Slovak Ministary of Health.

Yes. Because Xypex is not dependent upon adhesion to the concrete surface and instead becomes an integral part of the concrete mass through crystallization, it is capable of resisting extreme hydrostatic pressure from either side (positive or negative) of the concrete.

Yes. In fact, the concrete must be wet or moist before applying the Xypex slurry coat. Xypex requires moisture to generate the crystalline growth in the concrete. The presence of moisture is also necessary to ensure proper bonding of the slurry coat to the surface.

Yes. Xypex has a specific repair system that utilizes its unique crystalline waterproofing technology to stop water flow through cracks, faulty joints and other defects. In the case of expansion joints or chronic moving cracks, a flexible sealant is recommended.

Xypex is totally compatible with the chemistry of concrete, whether poured-in-place, pre-cast or concrete block. It is not suitable for application to cut-limestone, clay brick, wood, metals, asphalt or other non-concrete building materials.

A Xypex coating normally produces a grey-coloured, cementitious surface. However, Xypex “White” is also available.

Yes. Paint epoxy coatings, cement parge coats, plaster and stucco can be applied or installed over a Xypex coating. For detailed instructions, please refer to pp. 31 and 73 of the Xypex "Specification and Application Manual".

Xypex crystalline technology is available in three forms: as a coating (for new or existing structures); as a dry shake material (for fresh horizontal surfaces); and as an admixture (added at the time of concrete batching). These three options will prove an asset to the value-engineering process and to the flexibility of the construction schedule.

Typical Xypex applications include reservoirs, sewage and water treatment tanks, secondary containment structures, tunnels, underground vaults, foundations, parking structures, roof decks, swimming pools, and below grade construction.

The Xypex crystalline system for concrete waterproofing is substantially different from traditional barrier products (membranes, cementitious coatings):
1. Xypex creates a crystalline structure deep within the pores and capillary tracts of the concrete mass to prevent the penetration of water and aggressive chemicals. In contrast, barrier-type products function only at the surface of the concrete.
2. Because Xypex is not dependent on surface adhesion to achieve its waterproofing effect, it is resistant to extreme hydrostatic pressure.
3. Xypex will seal hairline cracks up to 0.4 mm.
4. Xypex is not subject to the deterioration problems encountered by membranes.
5. Xypex is permanent and reactivates whenever water is present.

The crystalline nature of the Xypex waterproofing system provides many application advantages over traditional barrier products:
1. Xypex does not require a dry surface; in fact, a wet surface is necessary.
2. Xypex does not require dry weather to be applied.
3. Xypex does not require costly surface priming or leveling prior to application.
4. Xypex cannot puncture, tear or come apart at the seams.
5. Xypex does not require protection during backfilling or during placement of steel, wire mesh or other materials.
6. Xypex can be applied on either side of a concrete surface – the negative or the positive (water pressure) side.
7. Xypex does not require sealing, lapping and finishing of seams at corners, edges or between membranes.
8. Xypex is less costly to apply than most other methods.

0.8% – 1.0% by weight of cementitious content. Consult with the manufacturers technical department or your local Xypex representative for assistance in determining the appropriate dosage rate and for further information regarding enhanced chemical resistance, optimum concrete performance, or the specific requirements and conditions of your project.

Xypex Admix C-1000NF/C2000NF should be added to the concrete at the time of batching. The sequence of procedures for addition will vary according to the type of batch plant operation and equipment.

The setting time of concrete is affected by the chemical and physical composition of ingredients, temperature of the concrete and climatic conditions. Extension of set time may occur when using Xypex Admix C-1000NF/C-2000NF. The amount of extended set will depend upon the concrete mix design and the dosage rate of the Admix. Concrete containing Xypex Admix may develop higher ultimate strengths than plain concrete. Trial mixes should be carried out under project conditions to determine setting time and strength of the concrete.

Yes, Xypex Admix C-1000NF when used with normal set admixtures will have minimal affect on set time. However, it should be noted that the use of retarding admixtures at recommended dose rates will cause extensions in set time when used with Xypex Admix C-2000NF which has a retarding affect within itself. Consult with the manufacturers technical department or your local Xypex representative for assistance in determining the appropriate dosage rate.

Yes, the reactions which take place to form the crystalline structure are very complex. During the cement hydration process, the crystalline complex reacts with various metal oxides and salts as well as, but not only with, calcium hydroxide found in the concrete regardless of the cement type used.

Providing there is enough cementitious material to bind the concrete and make available to Xypex the hydration by-products needed to produce the crystalline reaction, there are no other limitations.