|
Growth of XYPEX Crystals in Concrete
Technical paper presented by Yasuo Mitsuki, Member of the Faculty of Engineering, Hosei University, Japan title "An Enhancement in the Nature of Concrete with a multiplacative crystal type concrete material."
".......the applied ingredients penetrate and diffuse into concrete for a long time after application........and fills up the cracks and voids inside the concrete with multiplied crystals."
".......although the concrete itself has no water permeability XYPEX has penetrated and diffused into the concrete with a speed of over 30 cm per year."
Note: Photographic evidence of growth was provided by Nikki Shoji with a scanning electronic microscope.
Permeability Test - US Army Corp of Engineers CRD-C-48-73 (1982)
Pacific Testing Authority. Seattle, Washington State, USA.
Test performed to NATA Standard.
"The results of the tests showed that Xypex treated samples totally sealed themselves by the process of catalytic crystallisation up to a pressure of 405 feet of water head (123.5m) (175 PSI)"
"The XYPEX treated samples also exhibited leakage at each stage of increased water pressure but consistently followed decreasing leakage patterns approaching zero".
This test confirms that XYPEX is permanently catalytic as it proved the crystals re-activate.
Permeability Test, Certificate No 8206-5010 (1982)
Pacific Testing Authorities, Washington State, USA.
- Demonstrates the resealing capability of XYPEX crystals reacting with water.
Permeability Test - Penetration of Water (Vienna 1983)
Industrial Museum of Technology Vienna.
".....the test specimens showed no penetration of water."
".......the so far executed tests demonstrate that the concrete test specimens coated with XYPEX have an impermeability to water quite superior to uncoated ones."
Permeability Tests - Vancouver, Canada, (9-8-92)
Warnock Hersey Professional Services Ltd.
"...........concrete samples treated with XYPEX does not show any permanence of leakage in the permeability tests up to a pressure of 180 psi."
Impermeability and Resistance to Exposure to Diesel Oil
Czech University of Technology in Prague No 02/93Kl (Klokner Institute).
XYPEX coated cylinders exposed to diesel oil and transformer oil under pressure of 14 kpa showed surface treatment stopped the penetration of diesel oil and/or transformer oil through the concrete.
Impermeability of Concrete Blocks Test (1-7-80)
".........the XYPEX coating results in a material - specific imperviousness that is close to 7 x 106 times higher than that of the cement concrete block.
The concrete block has a very low imperviousness. However, when covered with XYPEX, compared to other concrete bound building materials, the imperviousness can be considered to be good.
The stated material-specific values regarding imperviousness result from the sequence of tests which showed that a concrete block of 7 cm thickness that is covered on one side with approximately 3 mm thickness of XYPEX covering, has a water permeability 340'000 lower than that of a same uncovered concrete block."
Chemical Resistance Test - Certificate No 8103 -1045 (24-6-83)
Pacific Testing Authorities, Washington State, USA.
Studies were conducted on:
- Hydrochloric Acid
- Transformer (Mineral) Oil
- Brake Fluid
|
- Ethylene Glycol
- Toluene
- Pool Chlorine (Undiluted)
|
ASTM Designation C-267-77 "Chemical Resistance of Mortars" was modified for use in this project, utilising seven different chemical solutions specified by the Client. Total exposure time was 84 days (12 weeks) after specified curing. Untreated specimens were also subjected to the chemical resistance studies for comparison purposes.
Results of these studies indicated that exposure of XYPEX treated specimens to various solutions did not reveal any significant ill effects on the XYPEX coating. The compressive strength results following the chemical exposure period indicated an average 17.13 percent increase in strength of XYPEX treated specimens over untreated, with the lowest result showing a 13.2% increase (pool chlorine) and the highest a 29.4% increase (Ethylene Glycol).
Freeze- Thaw and De-icing Chemical Resistance - A.S.T.M. C672-76
"Standard Test Method for sealing resistance of concrete surfaces exposed to de-icing chemicals": Xypex treated samples restricted chloride ion concentration to below 500 ppm at the reinforcing steel, the level necessary to promote electrolytic corrosion of reinforcing steel.
Radiation Resistance
U.S.A.. Standard No N69-1967
"Protective Coatings for the Nuclear Industry".
After exposure to 5.67 x 10 4 rads of gamma radiation, the Xypex treatment revealed no ill effects or damages.
Diffusion of 137 Cs in Cement Mortar
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute - JAERI-M89-211 (Low Level Radioactive Waste).
Treatment of cement mortar with Xypex coating was found to reduce diffusion of 137Cs in the cement mortar.
Half Cell Test - M6 Freeway (Spaghetti Junction_ Burmingham, U.K.)
Fullstop Technology Limited.
Half cell test showed that valve in Xypex treated areas reduced to an average level of 230 millivolts.
Hydro Sulphuric Gas Testing
Fullstop Technology Limited.
" .after 150 hours testing said to be solution of hydrogen sulphide 14% volume at 23° C +/- 2°
"There is no defect and no attack is present. A slight discolouration is visible on small area".
This is a very good initial result from such a hazardous solution."
Durability of Marine Structures - Vancouver Sea Bus Terminal
(1985-1994)
All Seas Enterprises Ltd.
Report on long term durability analysis of repairs of concrete marine structures treated with Xypex.
Report on Crack Healing by Petrographic Examination of Concrete Cores (5-4-1998)
Setso Services Pte Ltd, Singapore.
Tests to determine the depth of penetration of Xypex into the concrete were conducted on cores submitted by the Toa Corporation Pte Ltd. These cores were taken through existing cracks in a deck 10 (sample 2) and 20 days (sample 1) respectively after being treated with Xypex Concentrate.
Test Results
1. "Xypex had appeared to penetrate the crack to a depth of about 25mm in the sample 1, and 20mm in the sample 2."
2. "Xypex was also noted to have reduced the crack width through formation of crystallisation along the wall of the cracks. The remaining crack width along the 25mm from the top was about 40um instead of the original 140un in sample 1 and about 80um instead of the original 140um in sample 2."
|
Products 
